Cannabis, like all plants is complex and contains a large number of compounds (over 400 identified). However, there are three main chemical groups commonly discussed, these are cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids.
Cannabinoids are often the most abundant compounds found in cannabis and can account for up to 20-30%+ of the mass of cannabis flowers.
The most common cannabinoids found in cannabis are:
THC: This is the cannabinoid that produces the intoxicating effect of cannabis and has many potential therapeutic effects including; pain relief, nausea relief, appetite stimulation, improved sleep and reduced seizure frequency.
CBD: This is a non-psychoactive (non-intoxicating) cannabinoid found in high concentrations in many cannabis varieties. CBD may provide relief for conditions such as anxiety, skin conditions, epilepsy and pain as well as having potential neuro-protective and anti-psychotic properties. It is also thought that CBD may help with bone recovery.
Terpenes are compounds that produce the smell of the cannabis plant (and almost all plants) and have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Common terpenes found in cannabis include;
Limonene (also found in lemons and citrus fruits)
Linalool (also found in mints and lavender)
Beta-caryophyllene (also found in hops and black pepper)
Beta-myrcene (also found in lemongrass and thyme)
Alpha-pinene (also found in pine trees)
Flavonoids, like terpenes also contribute to the smell of the cannabis flower and contribute the vibrant colours found in many fruits and vegetables. Flavonoids may also be used as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour and pain relief.
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